DMTea Ceremony Case

アヤワスカ茶が争われている最初の裁判

Tea and Zen are of One Taste - The Second and Forth Trial -

The Second Trial

At the second trial held in July 2020, the following questions and answers were exchanged.

The prosecutor insisted "On March 3, 2020, when the defendant was arrested, DMT was detected in the urine of the defendant, but not detected in May and June. This is the physical evidence the defendant took the tea in February 26".

The lawyer argued "DMT taken from outside the body is rapidly metabolized when used in combination with MAOI. Within approximately 12 hours, the concentration of DMT excreted in the urine canntt distinguish it from the range of variation in the concentration of endogenous DMT. Even if the defendant's statement that he took the tea on February 26 was true, the fact that DMT was detected in the urine of the defendant six days later means that the defendant applied tea at the tea ceremony. It's not physical evidence."

In criminal trials, physical evidence is more important than confession.

Most drug crimes in Japan are abuses of methamphetamines. Methamphetamine is not biosynthesized in the body and is excreted in urine at a detectable concentration for about a week after being taken into the body. I suppose that the Kyoto Prefectural Police misunderstood DMT is a kind of methamphetamines, so the Police arrested the defendant six days after the tea ceremony to detect the methamphetamine in the urine.

The defendant responded to the prosecutor as follows.

I admit that I took Mimosa tenuiflora tea at the house in my friend on February 26, 2020.

However, I don't admit that the tea is "aqueous solution containing DMT".

I don't know that the tea I took at that time really contained DMT. Usually, I can feel only intoxication of DMT.

And, by training, I was able to synthesize DMT in my without taking DMT from tea. So, I'm not sure the tea I took contained how much DMT.

At the time of the interview, the defendant said to me that he became able to biosynthesize endogenous DMT on his own brain by meditation method called "pineal gland training" during detention, and he was aware that the meditation method is just like Rinzai Zen meditation. Even if he feel DMT, the effect of exogenous DMT from the tea and the effect of endogenous DMT from the meditation cannot be distinguished.

In other words, "Tea and Zen are of one taste"

The prosecutor seemed to be frustrated.

He didn't understand what endogenous DMT is, or he was afraid because he knew the disciplinary action for a government official who possesses illegal drugs in his brain[*1].

Let the one among you who is without endogenous DMT be the first to throw a stone at the defendant[*2].

The Fourth Trial

Furthermore, at the 4th trial held in October, the following questions and answers were exchanged.

The prosecutor insisted. "If DMT can be synthesized in the body, there should be no need to make tea and take it from outside the body."

Defendant Aoi responded to the prosecutor's point as follows.

This opinion is very similar to the argument that the realm is the realm of meditation and years of Zen practice, and that the world that is easy to reach with psychedelics is fake.

DMT is secreted in large quantities to protect brain cells and maintain vital function when the brain becomes moribund under hypoxia. It will be experienced as a near-death experience. In other words, in order to biosynthesize a large amount of DMT on your own, you have to put a heavy load on your body and mind.

In addition, religious people have repeatedly alerted us to the dangers of Zen illness, makyo, and spiritual emergencies, or accidents called spiritual crises, during the course of Zen and meditation. During the course of training, we often fall into mental modulations such as physical modulation, hallucinations and delirium, and illogical thinking.

Drinking tea allows you to experience the same territory as someone who has been practicing meditation and Zen for decades for only two hours and then return to normal consciousness. It will not interfere with the subsequent social life at all.

Of course, meditation and many years of Zen training may lead us to a deeper level, and we respect our predecessors who have practiced such practices.

But right now, those who are mentally distressed cannot afford to practice for decades to come.

I have been working with the belief that it is useful for people to have a culture of drinking tea and having a psychedelic experience with safety in mind.

Theravada Buddhism, which began in India, is a self-help and difficult teaching that one must meditate in order to get rid of the hesitation. This is the correct theory. However, for many ordinary men who are lost in worldly desires, such meditation practice is almost impossible.

After that, a religious reform called Mahayana Buddhism took place. Mahayana Buddhism developed the teachings of other powers and easy practices, calling Theravada Buddhism "Hinayana Buddhism" and criticizing it. "Hinayāna" means "small vehicle" that can save only a few people, and "Mahāyāna" means "big vehicle" that can save many people. is there.

At the first trial, Aoi likened his activity to a "bodhisattva." Bodhisattva is a concept of Mahayana Buddhism, and although it is already possible to get rid of the hesitation, it dares to stay in this world and help those who are lost to get rid of it.

In other words, the tea master is a bodhisattva, and the tea ceremony is a bodhisattva.


Copyright 04-04 2021/2564 (C) Tatsu Hirukawa
Last Updated in 11-04-2022/2565

*1:「懲戒処分の指針について（平成１２年３月３１日職職―６８）（人事院事務総長発）」『人事院』

*2:This is a metaphorical use of the phrase in the Gospel of John 8: 7, and is not a deliberate distortion of the words of the Bible. The original Greek text referred to Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum GraeceNovum Testamentum Graece: Nestle Aland 28th Revised Ed. of the Greek New Testament, Standard Edition.

Why DMT?

The same substance is biosynthesized in animals and plants

DMT is an indole alkaloid that has similar structure to serotonin and is a neurotransmitter with a common structure that acts on 5-HT receptors. This similarity is like dopamine and noradrenaline.

However, it is peculiar in that the same substance is biosynthesized in the body of animals and the body of plants. DMT, which is biosynthesized in the animal body, functions as a neurotransmitter, while indole-3-acetic acid, which is excreted in urine as a metabolite, functions as plant growth hormone.

On the other hand, DMT, which is biosynthesized in the body of plants, is contained in the leaves of oranges, for example, and has a repellent effect on insects as predators. The seeds contained in the fruit eaten by the predator animal are spread together with the excrement that serves as a nutrient. Here, animals are the "extended phenotype" of plants. If the DMT contained in the fruit provides some reward for the predator animal, it may also be a coevolution of the plant and the animal.

Glutamic acid also functions as a neurotransmitter, but it is a more common amino acid.

DMT is a unique substance in that it is a neurotransmitter as well as a psychedelic drug. In hypoxia, it acts on the sigma-1 receptor, causing transcendental mystical experiences such as near-death experiences.

The exogenous substance and the endogenous substance are the same

A substance contained in plants has a psychotropic effect, and later, a receptor on which the substance acts is discovered, and then, substances acting on the same receptor is discovered in the brain. This in itself has been repeated in the history of science.

For example, a neurotransmitter that acts on morphine receptors contained in poppies was also found in the brain and was named endogenous morphine, or endorphin. However, endorphins and morphine have completely different structures.

Similarly, a neurotransmitter that acts on the cannabinoid receptors in cannabis was discovered and named anandamide. However, anandamide and cannabinoid also have completely different structures.

DMT is found not only in Amazon's chacruna, but also in many plants such as acacia, mimosa, orange, and lespedeza bicolor, and acts on 5-HT receptors. The neurotransmitter that acts on 5-HT receptors is 5-HT (serotonin), but DMT itself is also an endogenous neurotransmitter that acts on 5-HT receptors.

Is "drug in the brain" "possession" of "drug"?

Although DMT is regulated as an illegal drug, is it "manufacturing" and "possessing" a "drug" because it is also biosynthesized in the human body? This reveals the fundamental strangeness of the legal system in which possession of substances that act like neurotransmitters is a crime.

For example, the stimulant, methamphetamine, is a regulated drug, but it is artificially synthesized. It does not exist in the body unless it is ingested from outside the body. If metaamphetamine is detected in urine, it means that the person has applied metaamphetamine. However, even if DMT is detected in urine, it cannot be determined whether or not it was ingested from outside the body. This is because endogenous DMT is biosynthesized in the human body.

Another example, cocaine is a regulated drug extracted from a plant called cocaine, but coca plant which contains cocaine is also regulated as a Plant Containing a Narcotic Raw Material under Japanese law. However, cocaine is not biosynthesized in the human body.

However, although DMT is an illegal drug, even though many plants, such as oranges, which are commonly consumed as food or drink, contain DMT, those plants are not regulated as narcotic raw plants under Japanese law. Tea, which is an intermediate form between legal plants and DMT, illegal drug, is subject to regulation is not clearly stated in the Japanese Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act. Does it mean the tea is legal?

The First Trial

Kyoto, Japan.

8th June 2020 in Christian Era, or 2563 in Buddhist Era.

Kyoto District Court is built facing the south gate of the Kyoto Imperial Palace.

I entered the court.

It is prohibited to record in the court.


The judge declared the sitting of the court.

He was an older gentleman.

The prosecutor made the opening statement.

He was a young, up-and-coming prosecutor.

"The defendant had a tea ceremony in Kyoto. The tea that the defendant made was not the tea of ​​Camellia sinensis, but the tea of ​​Acacia confusa and Mimosa tenuiflora, so-called ayahuasca analog. This tea is an aqueous solution of 3, 2, dimethylamino, ethyl, indol, or DMT. Violation of Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, Article 66, Paragraphs 1, 2, Article 67, Paragraph 2, and Article 27, Paragraph 1.

The accused received an order and payment for a set of "Medi-Tea" from a college student through the site around July 3, 2019. The accused, knowing that he would manufacture an aqueous solution containing DMT, that is, an aqueous solution containing DMT, using "Medi-Tea" purchased by a university student as a raw material and apply it, told the university student "Medi-" around the 4th of the same month. In addition to the set of "Tea", we sent out a document that describes "Illustration! Successful clarification method" that describes how to produce an aqueous solution containing DMT. The university student received the "Medi-Tea" etc. sent by the accused from the same day to the 16th of the same month, and from the same day to the 17th of the same month, according to the document, about 600 aqueous solutions containing DMT. Manufactured milliliters.

Then, around the 23rd of the same month, the university student drank a part of the DMT-containing aqueous solution and applied a drug to the same person in Kyoto Prefecture with a friend. The friend called an ambulance shortly after a college student began to suffer from flapping limbs. On the 24th of the same month, police officers seized urine stored in the hospital where college students were transported. As a result of the appraisal, DMT was detected in the urine of college students. A college student told the investigative agency that the ordering party for "Medi-Tea" etc. was the Internet site "Medicinal Herbs Association", and it was discovered that the drug was manufactured and applied.

On March 3, 2nd year of Reiwa, the accused kept one tea cup and three PET bottles in a DMT-containing aqueous solution in a freezer and carried them with the accused in Mie Prefecture. On March 3, the same year, a police officer carried out a search and seizure on the accused based on the search and seizure permit issued for the above two cases, and the crime, that is, possession of a drug, was discovered. As a result of the appraisal, the total amount of DMT-containing aqueous solution possessed by the accused was approximately 858.774 grams. "

The lawyer made a statement of opinion.

He was a young, up-and-coming lawyer.

"The prosecutor claimed that The tea made from Acacia confusa and Mimosa tenuiflora is an aqueous solution of the DMT. However, The tea is plants or the parts of the plants, which is excluded from the definition of narcotics in Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, Appendix 1., No. 76, b[*1].

If an aqueous solution containing DMT is controlled narcotics, aqueous solutions of plant containing DMT, such as hagi tea, orange juice, or even human body fluid are also controlled narcotics. It must be exceedingly irrational interpretation of the law. It is against the principle of clarity and against nulla poena sine lege of Article 31 of the Constitution[*2] when only The Tea made by the defendant is a controlled substance. Therefore, it is unconstitutional to punish the defendant.

DMT is internationally controlled under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971[*3]. And Japanese government has ratified this international Convention. Also, when Santo Daime filed a lawsuit in the Netherlands in 2001, the International Narcotics Control Board expressed the view that no plants or other natural materials containing DMT were controlled under the 1971 Convention, consequently, preparations, for example decoctions made of these plants, including ayahuasca were not under international control[*4]. If the prosecutor thinks that this view of INCB has to be changed, she has to provide a basis.

The tea made by the defendant has the same properties as ayahuasca tea, which is used for religious ceremonies by the indigenous people of the Amazon, and ayahuasca tea is a national heritage of the Republic of Peru. Even if The tea made by the defendant is an illegal substance, The Tea ceremony is a serious "one-time-one-meet" religious ritual. This is a legitimate act stipulated in Article 35 of the Penal Code[*5], and illegality is blocked."

Next, the judge asked the defendant to dismiss the charge.

"You have the right to remain silent. You have the right not to say what you do not want. However, everything you say here will be kept as the record of the trial. Do you understand it?"

"Yes, I do understand it."

And then, the defendant smiled and stood up. He seemed like an otaku geek from a manga comic world, rather than a boss of yakuza mafia dealing drugs.

Of the facts of the complaint, I admit that I was running the Internet site "Associação das Ervas Médicas".

I don't know if college students made tea by adding hot water to the DMT-containing acacia konfusa root bark, or if they drank the tea, because they haven't seen it directly.

However, there is a dispute that the tea brewed and drunk in this way is an "aqueous solution containing the drug DMT." Acacia tea is not a drug.

Second, I admit that I had about 858.774 grams of aqueous solution at home on March 3, 2nd year of Reiwa.

However, there is a dispute that the aqueous solution is an aqueous solution containing the drug DMT.

This is a criminal trial. To say that you are fighting means not to admit or reflect on your charges. There is no suspended sentence in the judgment beyond that. Not guilty or only imprisoned. This is an unusual case.

It's hard to live somewhere and I want to be saved, but I don't know the cause or method. As a result of these people groping in the dark, they arrive at an unidentified dangerous drug, resulting in substance abuse. I think so.

However, I discovered ayahuasca tea, which is harmless, drunk, and not illegal, and started a movement to spread it. It works effectively as a harm reduction for drug abusers and as a foolproof for drug seekers.

Ayahuasca tea has been used by indigenous peoples of South America in their natural religion tradition. It is the art of drinking tea, actively controlling the altered state of consciousness, interacting with spirits, re-recognizing the world, and healing the mind.

I was also saved by this kind of art. Those who are saved in search of salvation will also save others. The other saved in this way saves yet another.

This is the mercy of the Bodhisattva, Bodhisattva, which Buddhism preaches. This practice of mind has blossomed and bears fruit as an activity of the "Medicinal Herbs Association". This is a movement to preach the correct way of training to those who are lost in life and to chain the mercy that was born in that way.

This cannot be guilty.

The arraignment was over and the accused was seated.

The judge declared the rising of the court.

The defendant was handcuffed and taken out of court.

From the audience, a slender woman dressed in a mauve blouse stood up. And she followed him. Audiences cannot cross the fence that separates the audience seats.

She clasped the fence with her hands and cried regretfully.


Evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ - Thus have I heard.

30-09-2020/2563 (C) Tatsu Hirukawa
18-03-2021/2564 Last Revised.

*1:According to No. 76, the last of Appended Table 1, "substances containing any of the substances set forth in the preceding items, other than Opium; provided, however, that the following items are excluded: (b) plants (including plant parts) other than Plants Containing a Narcotic Raw Material. See "Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act"

*2:"Article 31. No person shall be deprived of life or liberty, nor shall any other criminal penalty be imposed, except according to procedure established by law." See The Constitution of Japan.

*3:INCB Psychotropics - 1971 Convention

*4:See http://www.moishv.com/works/helpcenter-iceers-org/docs/legalSupport/INCB_Fax_Ayahuasca_Dutch_Health_Ministry.pdf

*5:Penal Code. Article 35 (Justifiable Acts) An act performed in accordance with laws and regulations or in the pursuit of lawful business is not punishable.

Ayahasca as Tea Ceremony

In 2008, when I was interviewed for a news program, I heard from an acquaintance that he had participated in a Santo Daime service in Nara. When I went to see him, he showed me the chant collection used in worship. In addition to the Portuguese songs such as St. Michael, which were often heard in Brazil, Japanese chants were added.

I was interested in worship in Japan, but he said that there was no activity in Nara anymore. It was not cracked down and banned. There is no membership-based organization called Santo Daime, and the activities are left to the discretion of the individual, and it is said that the activities are repeated in a rhizome-like manner in various parts of Japan. The same is true in Brazil.

Religious groups in Japan have a strong image of being closed and antisocial, but Brazil is different. Small religious groups are diverging and integrating, creating and disappearing. Going in and out of meetings of various religions has become a part of everyday life. That freedom and forgiveness is the spirit of Brazil.

Four years before that, I became a disciple of the Urasenke master and studied the tea ceremony and the Zen Buddhist ideas behind it. The teacher was an avant-garde young man, and he was asked to hold a tea ceremony called "Wabi-Ayahuasca" in Japan, but I refused. It's not a matter of law. To be able to serve Ayahuasca tea to guests, you need a pottery with a certain personality.

At this time, I was writing an essay on the tea ceremony, anthropologically discussing it from the perspective of ceremonial use of medicinal herbs such as Japanese tea ceremony, South Pacific Kava tea, or South American mate tea and Ayahuasca tea. It is. The following is an excerpt from a essay published in Japan in 2009[*1].

The ayahuasca tea used by the indigenous peoples of the Amazon for therapeutic rituals was replaced in the context of African workers and became a liberation theology. Among the Ayahuasca tea-based religious groups, Santo Daime is associated with the Indian-Buddhist boom that was widespread among the middle class in big cities such as São Paulo, in contrast to Barquinha being limited to the Amazon area. It becomes strongly tinged with the meditative color of "staring". Furthermore, it is expanding worldwide, starting from that point and expanding toward Europe, the United States, and Japan.

It is also symbolic that Santo Daime of Japan is active mainly in ancient cities such as Nara and Kyoto[*2]. The potential of Brazilian culture with unscrupulous diversity and forgiveness enables the creation of these new cultures.

The original Portuguese version of Santo Daime's chant has about 150 songs, but the Japanese version has about 20 original songs added.

In spring, the light shines and the flowers open
New life melts snow
Hot chest and hot feelings in summer
Burning that sky
Love and light are abundantly fruitful in autumn
Can be shared with everyone
Let's die quietly in winter
Snow piles up

(Santo Daime Japanese version of chant No. 5 "Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter" by Shavdo)

The transformation from the vertical dynamics of Archangel Michael, who fights for righteousness, to the Japanese sensibilities of feeling the providence of the world in the horizontal cycle of the four seasons. The image of swirling vivid colors associated with the word "psychedelic" has been completely abstracted, and the aesthetics of "wabi" and "sabi", which are like Zen paintings, are beginning to sprout here.

The person with the name of Sanskrit, the god of sound that appears in Shavdo-Veda, is said to be traveling to India at one time, Japan at another time, and Brazil at another time, playing the shakuhachi. The shakuhachi is a wind instrument made from bamboo that came to be used in medieval Japan, and is a symbol of a komuso that echoes a lonely tone. Komuso, that is, "the monk of" nothing "" is a Zen monk of the Fuke-shu[*3]. who was traveling around the world while dihutanga, and sometimes Komuso also wrote poetry.

In modern Japanese culture, traditional Zen and Buddhism do not have as much influence on people's spiritual lives as Westerners imagine. Buddhist temples are tourist destinations and cemeteries, especially for those who live in cities. Therefore, I was surprised that Aoi, a younger generation who should have grown up unrelated to Buddhism, said that his activity was Buddhism, especially Rinzai Zen.

However, at present, Buddhist ideas derived from Indian philosophy are Americanized via East Asia, permeate the urban areas of Brazil, and are reimported to Japan. I am also a generation who became interested in reimported Buddhist thought and Indian philosophy.

To cross-examination of witnesses
The Kyoto Ayahuasca Tea Party case is an unprecedented trial, and its outlook is unclear. If the Kyoto District Court convicts him, Aoi says he will appeal to the Osaka High Court. Also, if the Kyoto District Court finds it innocent, the prosecution will appeal to the Osaka High Court. If no conclusion is reached there, it will be contested at the Supreme Court in Tokyo.

At trials after April, witnesses will be cross-examined by both the prosecution and the defense.

If the court orders me to appear as an expert witness, I will testify that the Ayahuasca Tea Party is a serious religious act.

Ayahuasca tea has been used for religious ceremonies by indigenous peoples in the upper Amazon basin and has not been used as a daily luxury item. In Brazil, it has been trained with Catholics, and the application of ayahuasca tea is legally used only in government-sanctioned churches and has nothing to do with antisocial organizations.

At his first trial, Aoi claimed that the Ayahuasca Analog Tea Party was a practice of natural religion and also a bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism. This corresponds to the fact that Japan's religious climate is a syncretism between nature worship as a base culture and Mahayana Buddhism transmitted from India through China. And this Japanese religious culture is similar to the indigenous society of the Amazon, and there is a parallel relationship between nature worship as a base culture and syncretism with Catholicism transmitted from Southern Europe.

Also, in his interview, Aoi told me that his idea of ​​the tea ceremony was Rinzai sect. Tea ceremony is a ritual practice developed in Japan based on the idea of ​​the Rinzai sect.

If asked what tea is, at the testimony stand, I would like to say that tea is a very simple and sincere once-in-a-lifetime meeting.

What tea is, boiling water, putting plants, drinking it.


24-03-2021/2564 (C) Tatsu Hirukawa

*1:Tatsu Hirukawa. (2009). "Tea Ceremony of the Dense Forest" edited by Sogo Kurokawa "Recommendation of the New Tea Ceremony".

新しい茶道のすすめ ―現代のストレス社会に本当の癒しをもたらすティー・セラピーへの招待

新しい茶道のすすめ ―現代のストレス社会に本当の癒しをもたらすティー・セラピーへの招待

However, the second lyrics omitted in the previous essay due to the limitation of the space are also included.

*2:I heard that an Ayahuasca tea party was being held in Kyoto (regardless of Defendant Aoi), but I also heard that it has a connection with Peru. If so, it is a separate activity from the Brazilian religious movement.

*3:It is a sect differentiated from the Rinzai sect, and is derived from the trickster, Puhua, of the same period as Rinzai. For details, refer to "Linji Yixuan".

Caso da Ceremônia d-O Chá Ayahuasca en Kyoto - O Primeiro Julgamento para a Planta DMT no Japão -

O que é chá, ferver água, colocar plantas, beber o chá.[*1]

- Sen no Rikyū[*2]


This essay is temporary written in English and Japanese. These texts will be translated to Portuguese.

Contents

Bhodhisattva - The 1st Trial -

Author's point of view[*3]

事件の概要（未完成）

事件の時系列年表（作成中）

裁判の争点

著者来歴

接見の記録

Why DMT?

Tea and Zen are of One Taste - The 2nd and 4th Trial -

E pur si Muove -The Third Trial -

Fifth and Subsequent Trials

Ayahasca as Tea Ceremony


This is an essay based on actual case. English texts are powered by Google translate.

I am writing this manuscript in Japanese, and I am translating these texts into English by myself - powered by Google translate -. I have the copyright of these texts written in Japanese and English . These texts will be translated into Portuguese.


Copyright 16-09-2020/2563 JST
Last Revsed 07-07-2021/2564 JST
(C) Tatsu HIrukawa

*1:Centro de Chado Urasenke do Brasil. Rikkyu Hyakushu - 100 Poemas de Rikkyu - Rikyu Doka.

*2:1522-1591, the founder of tea ceremony in Japan.

*3:This text is not be ready to translate to Portuguese. Under construction for delete redundant parts.

List of submitted papers

・Minoru Goto, Tomoaki Noguehi, and Takeshi Watanabe. (1958). Studies on Useful Components in Natural Sources. XVII. Studies on Uterus Contracting Ingredients in Plants. (2). On Uterus Contracting Ingredients in Lespedeza bicolor TURCZ, var., japonica NAKAI. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI, 78(5), 464-467.

・Yukino Ochiai. (2013). History and current status of herbal tea for both refreshment and health benefits. The Memoirs of the Institute of Oriental Culture, 164, 62-98.

・Luigi Servillo, Alfonso Giovane, Maria Luisa Balestrieri, Domenico Cautela, and Domenico Castaldo. (2012). N-Methylated Tryptamine Derivatives in Citrus Genus Plants: Identification of N,N,N-Trimethyltryptamine in Bergamot. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(37), 9512–9518.

・Luigi Servillo, Alfonso Giovane, Maria Luisa Balestrieri, Rosario Casale, Domenico Cautela, and Domenico Castaldo. (2013). Citrus Genus Plants Contain N-Methylated Tryptamine Derivatives and Their 5-Hydroxylated Forms. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(21), 5156–5162.

・Jordi Riba, Ethan H. McIlhenny, Marta Valle, José Carlos Bouso and Steven A. Barker. (2012). Metabolism and disposition of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmala alkaloids after oral administration of ayahuasca. Drug Testing and Analysis, 4(7-8), 610-616.

・Michael C. H. Oon, Robin M. Murray, Richard Rodnight, Marion P. Murphy & James L. T. Birley.(1977). Factors affecting the urinary excretion of endogenously formed dimethyltryptamine in normal human subjects. Psychopharmacology, 54, 171–175.

・Gerald, Thomas, Philippe Lucas, N. Rielle Capler, Kenneth W. Tupper, and Gina Martin. (2013). Ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: Results from a preliminary observational study in Canada. Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 6(1), 30-42.

・Fernanda Palhano-Fontes, Dayanna Barreto, Heloisa Onias, Katia C. Andrade, Morgana M. Novaes, Jessica A. Pessoa, Sergio A. Mota-Rolim, Flávia L. Osório, Rafael Sanches, Rafael G. dos Santos, Luís Fernando Tófoli, Gabriela de Oliveira Silveira, Mauricio Yonamine, Jordi Riba, Francisco R. Santos, Antonio A. Silva-Junior, João C. Alchieri, Nicole L. Galvão-Coelho, Bruno Lobão-Soares, Jaime E. C. Hallak, Emerson Arcoverde, João P. Maia-de-Oliveira, and Dráulio B. Araújo. (2019). Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 49, 655–63.

・Jon G. Dean, Tiecheng Liu, Sean Huff, Ben Sheler, Steven A. Barker, Rick J. Strassman, Michael M. Wang and Jimo Borjigin. (2019). Biosynthesis and Extracellular Concentrations of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in Mammalian Brain. Scientific Reports, 9, Article number: 9333.

・Robin. M. Murray and Michael. C. H. Oon (1967). The Excretion of Dimethyltryptamine in Psychiatric Patients. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 69(11), 831-832.

・Steven A Barker, Ethan H McIlhenny, Rick Strassman (2012). A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N, N-dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955-2010. Drug Testing and Analysis, 4(7-8), 617-35.

・Richard J. Zeifman, Fernanda Palhano-Fontes, Jaime Hallak, Emerson Arcoverde, João Paulo Maia-Oliveira, and Dráulio B. Araújo. (2019). The Impact of Ayahuasca on Suicidality: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 1325.

・Rafael G. Dos Santos, Flávia L. Osório, José Alexandre S. Crippa, Jordi Riba, Antônio W. Zuardi, Jaime E. C. Hallak (2016). Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 6(3), 193-213.


24-03-2021/2564 (C) Tatsu Hirukawa

弁護側から提出された論文

DMTは多くの植物に含まれており、飲用されている

ヤマハギ茶にはDMTが含まれており、薬草茶として用いられてきた

ミカンやレモンにはDMTが含まれている

  • 【弁12】Luigi Servillo, Alfonso Giovane, Maria Luisa Balestrieri, Rosario Casale, Domenico Cautela, and Domenico Castaldo. (2013). Citrus Genus Plants Contain N-Methylated Tryptamine Derivatives and Their 5-Hydroxylated Forms. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(21), 5156–5162.
  • 【弁13】蛭川立（監訳）「ミカン属の植物はN-メチル化されたトリプタミン誘導体および5-ヒドロキシル化物質を含有する」
    • レモン、オレンジ、ベルガモットを含むミカン属植物にDMTが存在すること等
      • 同意
      • 検察側証人「ミカンジュースのDMTは薄くてすぐ分解されるので無害」

尿中に排出されるDMTについて

経口摂取したDMTは1日以内にほとんど排出される

DMTは哺乳類の脳内で生合成される

  • 【弁22】Jon G. Dean, Tiecheng Liu, Sean Huff, Ben Sheler, Steven A. Barker, Rick J. Strassman, Michael M. Wang and Jimo Borjigin. (2019). Biosynthesis and Extracellular Concentrations of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in Mammalian Brain. Scientific Reports, 9, Article number: 9333.
  • 【弁23】蛭川立（監訳）「哺乳類の脳におけるN,N-ジメチルトリプタミン（DMT）の生合成と細胞外濃度」
    • ラットの脳がDMTを生合成、放出していること、心停止によりDMT濃度の増加があること等
      • 同意
      • 検察側証人「ラットの脳でDMTが合成されているとしても、ヒトの体内で合成されているという証拠にはならない」

体内で生合成された内因性DMTは尿中にも排出される

  • 【弁24】Robin. M. Murray and Michael. C. H. Oon (1967). The Excretion of Dimethyltryptamine in Psychiatric Patients. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 69(11), 831-832.
  • 【弁25】蛭川立（監訳）「精神病患者におけるジメチルトリプタミンの排泄」
    • 内因的に生合成されたDMTの尿中排泄量は、健常者よりも急性精神病患者ではるかに高いこと等
      • 同意
      • 検察側証人「研究方法が古すぎて信頼性が低い」
  • 【弁26】Steven A Barker, Ethan H McIlhenny, Rick Strassman (2012). A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N, N-dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955-2010. Drug Testing and Analysis, 4(7-8), 617-35.
  • 【弁27】蛭川立（監訳）「1955年から2010年までの間に報告された内因性精神展開薬、N,N-ジメチルトリプタミンに関する批判的レビュー」
    • 1955年から2010年までに実施された内因性DMTの研究に関する批判的レビューの結果等。
      • 同意
      • 検察側証人「研究方法に一貫性がなく信頼性が低い」

アヤワスカ茶は薬物依存や精神疾患を改善する

  • 以下、すべて不同意：裁判長は、医学的な有用性は争点ではないという意見を表明。

アヤワスカ茶はうつ病・自殺念慮を改善する

アヤワスカ茶は薬物・アルコール依存症を改善する

アヤワスカ茶自体の毒性や依存性は低い

※検察側専門家証人は伊藤美千穂（京都大学大学院薬学研究科准教授）である。


→京都アヤワスカ茶会裁判記録目次ページに戻る

  • CE2021/03/22 JST 作成
  • CE2022/04/01 JST 最終更新

蛭川立